Philosopher of Freedom - An Essay in Malayalam on Roy

kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ ZmÀi-\n-I³

        Ignª \qäm-Wv-Snsâ a²y-L-«-¯n `mc-Xhpw temIw BsI-¯-s¶bpw {]bm-k-ta-dnb Hcp kÔnsb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn¨p \n¡p-t¼mÄ thdn-s«mcp hgn  I-Wv-s­--S¯nb Akm-[m-cW ZmÀi-\n-I-\mWv Fw.-F³. tdmbv. Hcp-h-i¯v ^mkn-khpw adp-h-i¯v ka-{Km-[n-]-Xyhpw `uXn-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb A[n-\n-th-i-¯n\p {ian-¡p-t¼mÄ \h-am-\-hn-I-X- sb¶ imkv{Xo-bhpw bpàn-k-l-hp-amb Hcp ZmÀi-\nI ]²Xn Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ Fw.-F³. tdmbv Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Imc-W-§-fm Ct¸mgpw _p²nPo-hn-IÄ¡n-S-bn am{X-amWv Imcy-ambn NÀ¨-sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.

        1887 amÀ¨v 21-þmw Xn¿Xn _wKm-fn Hcp {_mÒW IpSpw-_-¯n-emWv At±-l-¯nsâ P\-\w. bYmÀ° \maw \tc-{µ-\mY `«m-Nmcy F¶m-bn-cp-¶p. C´y³kzm-X-{´y-k-a-c-¯n-\p-th­Wv- Sn Bbp[w tiJ-cn-¡m³ hnhn[ cmPy-§-fn hyXyØ t]cp-I-fn k©-cn-t¡Wv-  S-­n-h¶ Cu a\p-jysâ Pohn-Xhpw Bi-b-§fpw kzmX{´yw ]c-a-{]-[m-\-am-sW¶p hniz-kn-¡p¶ Ghcpw AÛp-Xm-Z-c-§-tfm-sS-bmWv hmbn-¡p-Ibpw kzmb-¯-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I. kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ ZÀi\w F¶mWv At±-l-¯nsâ Ccp-]-¯n-c­Wv- Sp Xokn-kp-Isf ]e-t¸mgpw hnti-jn-¸n-¡m-dp-Å-Xv.

        1954 P\p-h-cn-bn-emWv Fw.-F³.-tdmbv A´-cn-¨-Xv. At±-l-¯nsâ ZmÀi-\nI ]²-Xn¡vv 60 hÀj¯ntesd ]g-¡-apWv-S -­v. Cu ZÀi-\-¯nsâ {]tbmK km[yX hym]-I-ambn ]co-£n-¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. a\pjy kzmX-{´y-¯n-\p- thWv-S­n DbÀ¯-s¸-Sp¶ Bi-b-§-tfmSp apJw-Xn-cn¨p \n¡p¶ kmkv¡m-cnI kml-Ncyw C¶pw AKm-[-ambn thcp-d¨v hym]-I-ambn ]SÀ¶p-\n¡p-¶p. Cu kml-Ncyw {]Xn-tcm[w XoÀ¡p¶ {][m\ LSIw F¶ t]mse-Xs¶, CXv C\n-sb-¦nepw ]co-£n-¡-s¸-tSWv-S-­-Xm-sW¶ A\n-hm-cy-Xbpw \s½ t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ ]cym-]vX-am-Wv. Xsâ  temIs¯ amän-¯oÀt¡Wv-S -­Xpw ]pXp-¡n-¸-Wn-tb-­Wv-v-SXpw Xm³Xs¶-bmWv F¶v DWÀ¯p¶XneqsS a\p-jy-tam-N-\-¯nsâ bpàn-k-l--amb ]mXbmbn CXns\ Xncn-¨-dn-bp¶ hyàn-IÄ X§-fpsS kz´w Pohn-Xs¯ {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn {]Im-i-]q-cn-X-am-¡p¶ H¶mbn Cu ZÀi-\s¯ tkmÕmlw kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p. hyXn-cnàX Hcp bmYmÀ°y-ambn AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]Icw  PmXn, hÀKw XpS-§nb kajvSn cq]-§Ä¡pw kwL-SnX iàn¡pw khn-ti-j-amb  ‘Alw-t_m[w  DWv-S-­v  F¶ AÔ-hn-izm-k-¯n\p hnt[-b-am¡n Bfp-Isf N«p-I-§-fpw, b{´-§-fn LSn-¸n¨ N{I-§-fpsS ]Ãp-IÄ t]mepÅ D]-I-c-W-§-fp-am¡n amäp¶ kIe ASª ]²-Xn-I-sfbpw Cu ZÀi\w \ncm-I-cn-¡p¶p. A§-s\-bpÅ  ]²Xn-I-fn-seÃmw DÄs¡m­Wv- Sncn-¡p¶ ‘aX-Iob’ {]h-W-X-I-sf- Xn-cn-¨-dnªv CÃm-Xm-¡p-t¼mtg hyàn-IÄ bYmÀ°-¯n kzmX-{´-cm-Ip-¶p-Åp.

        bqtdm-]y³ Úmt\m-Z-b-¯n-te¡p \bn¨ \thm-°m\  am\-hn-I-X-bpsS Ncn{Xw imkv{Xo-b-am-bn- A-]-{K-Y-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡nbXnsâ ^e-ambn a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ hyàn-]-chpw cmjv{So-b-a-S¡w kmaq-ly-hp-amb FÃm cwK-§-sfbpw ]pXnb, Dd¨ Hc-Øn-hm-c-¯n ]pXp-Xmbn ]Wn-Xp-bÀ¯m³ {]m]vX-am-¡pw-hn[w hyà-amb Hcp ZmÀi-\nI kao-]-\-amWv \nÀt±-in-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.  ]pXnb Adn-h-nsâ shfn-¨-¯nÂ, Ct¸mÄ AÔ-Imcw \ne-\nÀ¯m³ am{Xw klm-bn-¡p¶ ]gb [mc-W-IÄ Dt]-£n-t¡-­-Xm-sW¶pw kZm kzbw ]pXp-¡n-s¡m­ncn-¡p¶ DuÀÖ-kz-e-amb Hcp  PohnX  ]²-Xn-bmWv  \s½ s-bÃmw Nqgv¶p \n¡p¶ C¶s¯ {]Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ¡p ]cn-lmcw F¶pw At±lw \nc-´-c-ambn DZvt_m-[n-¸n-¨p. AXn-\m-emWv bpàn-hmZ {]N-cW cwKs¯ apJy-amb  Hcp {]hÀ¯\ taJ-e-bmbn ]e dmUn-¡Â lyqa\n-Ìp-Ifpw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv.

        C¶pw \h-am-\-hn-I-X-bpsS Ccp-]-¯n-c­­Wv-Sp Xokn-kp-I-fpw -{]-k-à-am-Wv- F¶p hniz-kn-¡p¶ dmUn-¡Â lyqa-\n-Ìp-IÄ, CS-bv¡nsS X§-fpsS ZÀi-\-¯n\v imkv{X, ZmÀi-\nI cwK-§-fnÂ\n¶v kmc-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ  DbÀ¶p-h-cp-¶p Wv- tS­m F¶pw, Ct¸mgpw AXv {]k-à-amtWm F¶pw X§Ä¡n-S-bn Xs¶ hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-ambn NÀ¨ \S-¯n, Bib hyàX t\Sm-dp-Wv-Sp . 1994 G{]n amk-¯n (tdmbv acn¨v 40 hÀjw Ign-ªv) PÌnkv hn.-Fw. XmÀ¡p-WvsUbpw ASp-¯-Im-e¯v tUmIvSÀ tcJ kmc-kzXpw dmUn-¡Â lyqa-\nÌv amkn-I-bn-eqsS \S-¯nb {ia-§Ä kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. B[p-\nI imkv{X-¯nsâ  kpØm-]n-X- kn-²m´§Ä¡p- \n-c-¡p¶ Hcp ZmÀi-\nI ]²Xn am{Xta X§Ä¡p kzoI-cn-¡m-\mIq F¶ Cu  {]iw-kmÀl-amb  Icp-X \h-am-\-hn-I-Xsb bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v BIÀj-I-amb Hcp ZÀi-\-ambn kzoIm-cy-am-¡p-¶p.

        hÀKw, hwiw, enwKw, aXw XpS-§nb ASn-Øm-\-§-fn DbÀ¯-s¸-Sp¶ kzXz-[m-c-W-I-f-Ã,  adn-¨v, hyàn-bn kzXxkn²-amb, Nne-t¸mÄ kp]vX-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ bpàn-t_m-[-amWv bYmÀ° NmeI iàn. Cu  bmYmÀ°yw t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¶-tXmsS Xsâ- temIw \nÀ½n-t¡Wv- S-­Xp Xm³X-s¶-bm-sW¶ Xncn-¨-dnhv hyàn-Ifn hfÀ¶p-h-cp-¶p. Poh]-cn-Wm-a-¯nsâ ^e-ambn hfÀ¶p hnI-kn¨ Ign-hp-I-fmWv kzmX-{´yw, bpàn-hm-Zw, kzbm-h-ew-_nX [mÀ½n-I-X, F¶o aqey-§fn Dd¨p \n¡m³ Úmt\m-Zbw e`n¨ a\p-jysc {]m]vX-cm-¡p-¶-Xv. AXn-\mÂ, kmaq-ly-hpw, [mÀ½n-I-hp-amb aqey-§-fpsS t{kmXÊv ssZht{]mà-§tfm {]IrXymXoX-§tfm Hs¡ BsW¶ hn[-¯n DbÀ¯-s¸-Sp¶ kIe AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-sfbpw \ncm-I-cn-¡m³ Cu ZÀi\w \s½ {]m]vX-cm-¡p-¶p.

        kÀÆ-Xe hym]n-bmb  A]-Nb-§-fpsS ssZ\w-Zn-\-ap-b-cp¶ hmÀ¯-I-fn {]I-¼\w sImÅp¶ tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkv¡m-cnI  cwKw \ho-\-am-sbmcp ZÀi-\hpw AXp \ÂIp¶ kmwkv¡m-cnI ]Ùmhpw At\z-jn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. ]pIgv¯n ]mSn-¸-g-Inb {]Xybimkv{X-§Ä h©-\-bp-sSbpw [mÀ½nI aqey-§-fpsS  Xnc-kv¡m-c-¯n-sâbpw IY-I-fmWv Ah-ti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu Xncn-¨-dnhv thdn« ZmÀi-\nI ]²-Xn-I-fpsS ]cn-tim-[-\-bn-te¡v Nn´m-tem-Is¯ \bn-¡p-¶p. I\¯ hne-\ÂtI-­Wv- Sn-h¶ A-\p-`-h-§Ä¡p-ti-jw, ^mkn-k-¯n\pw  ka-{K-m[n-]-Xy-¯n\pw CS-bn ka-Xz-¯n-sâ-bpw- km-tlm-Z-cy-¯n-sâbpw \ho-\hpw imkv{Xob Úm\-¯m {]t_m-[n-X-hp-amb Hcp ZmÀi-\nI ]mX \nÀ½n-s¨-Sp-¡m³ `mc-X-¯nse B[p-\nI bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fn AZznXo-b-\mb Fw.-F³. tdmbv¡p Ignªp. At±lw cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb Ccp-]-¯n-c­Wv-Sp Xokn-kp-IÄ hym-]-I-ambn NÀ¨-sN-¿-s¸-tS-­Wv- Sn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p,

        tIc-f-¯nsâ C¶s¯ ]cn-X-Øn-Xn-bn kmÀ°-Ihpw {]k-àhpw BsW¶p am{X-a-Ã, bpàn-hm-Zs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am-¡nb GI ZÀi\ ]²-Xn-bmWv \h-am-\-hn-IX F¶p-IqSn kss[cyw ]dbmw. Bbp-[-§-fpsS `mj  Dt]-£n-¡m³ temI-cm-jv{S-§Ä Ct¸mgpw X¿m-dm-bn-«n-Ã. hmkvX-h-¯n temIw ZmÀi-\nI {]Xn-k-Ôn-bn-em-sW¶v Fw.-F³. tdmbv IWv-sS-­ ­¯n. C¶s¯ kwLÀj-`-cn-X-amb AhØ ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn Xpd¶ kao-]-\-§Ä¡pw [oc-amb {ia-§Ä¡pw ZmÀi-\n-I-amb DÅp-d-¸p-\ÂIm³ "\h-am-\-hn-IX' bv¡v Ign-bpw.