Rationality,Human Rights, Democracy and Humanism (Essays in Malayalam)

1. a\pjymhImi 

{]hÀ¯\¯nsâ 

ZmÀi\nI

 `qanI

A_vZp aPoZv. bp.]n.

        am\hnIX, aX\nct]£X, hyànhmZw, P\m[n]Xyw F¶o Bib§sfÃmw B[p\nIXbnte¡pÅ hn`n¶ hmXn¸SnIfpw ]ckv]cw _Ôs¸«hbpamWv. a\pjy hyànbpsS A´Êpw kzmX{´yhpw ]ca{][m\ambn ]cnKWn¡p¶ ZÀ\amWv am\hnIX. B[p\nIX cmj{Saoamwkbv¡p \ÂInb kw`mh\bmWv P\m[n]Xyw F¶p Xncn¨dnbpt¼msg ChnsS P\m[n]Xy¯nsâ t]cn \S¡p¶ {]lk\§fpw AXnsâ kwhn[m\§fp]tbmKn¨pXs¶ AXns\ XIÀ¡m³ \S¡p¶ {ia§fpsS IpSneXbpw hyàamIq. PvRmt\mZb {]Øm\¯nsâ ASnØm\amWv bpànhmZhpw ]co£WmXvaI imkv{Xhpw. ChsbÃmw bqtdm]y³ \thm°m\ {]Øm\¯nsâ hfÀ¨bpsS `mKambn a\pjycmin¡p e`n¨ ]ptcmKa\ NmeI§fmWv.

            hnZqc`qXIme¯n \nebpd¸n¡mt\m AXn\p kam\amb kmlNcyw krjvSns¨Sp¡mt\m XnI¨pw A   bpànIambn B{Kln¡p¶ iànIÄ \ap¡nSbn A\h[nbmWv.aX§fpsS,I£ncmjv{Sob¯nsâ, D¯cm[p\nIXt]mepÅ Akw_Ô kwPvRIfpsSsbÃmw thjme¦mc§tfmsS Ah \thm°m\ {]Øm\¯nsâ D¯aamb kw`mh\IsfsbÃmw A]lkn ¡m\pw \in¸n¡m\pw AXphgn `mhn I\¯ AÔImc¯ntâXm¡n amäm\pw BIpwhn[saÃmw {ian¨p sIm­WvSncn¡p¶ AhØbmWv. apgph³ iànbpw km[yXIfpw D]tbmKn¨v B[p\nIXbpsS al¯mb aqey§Ä kwc£n¡m\pw hn]pes¸Sp¯m\pw  X¿mdmbnsæn a²yIme bqtdm¸ntâXmbn \mw hmbn¨dnª AÔXtb¡mÄ ITn\hpw {Iqchpamb Hcp ImeL«¯nte¡v \mw hgpXnhoWpt]mtb¡pw. ka{Km[n]Xy¯nsâ  sISpXnIfn \n¶pw P\§sf tamNn¸n¡p¶Xn\pw ^mknk¯nsâ ]qÀ®hpw \Kv\hpamb cwK {]thiw Akm[yam¡n¯oÀ¡p¶Xn\pw a\pjymhImi§sf¡pdn¨pÅ icnbmb t_m[w ]ptcmKa\hmZnIÄs¡Ãmw D­WvSmbncn¡Ww.

            AÔhnizmknItfm, hÀ¤obhmZnItfm, `oIchmZ {]Øm\§fpsS DÑnjvSw `£n¨p Ignbp¶htcm Bb tIkpw ^okpanÃm¯ h¡oe·msc GÂ]n¨v a\pjymhImi§Ä kwc£n¡m\mhnÃ. NneÀ a\pjymhImi§sf¡pdn¨p kwkmcn¡p¶XptI«m ImelcWw h¶ Nne thZ{KÙ§fnse hcnIÄ am{´nIambn _lpP\ {]Øm\cq]w ]qWvSv {]Xy£ambncn¡bmsW¶v tXm¶pw. aäp NneÀ¡v X§fpsS I£ncmjv{Sob \ne]mSn \n¶pfhmIp¶ aqVXIÄ {]N cn¸n¡m\pÅ  Hcp thZnbmbn D]tbmKn¡m\pÅXmWv a\pjymhImi {]Øm\w.

            Cu {]Øm\¯nsâ ZmÀi\nIamb XpSÀ¨bpsS bYmÀ° AhIminIÄ ]t£, Cu hn[ kwLS\Isfm¶pw X§fpsS t\XrXz¯ntem \nb{´W¯ntem Bhiyanà F¶ IpäIcamb Aew`mh¯nemWv. a\pjymhImi§Ä F¶ {]tbmKhpw AXn\p \nZm\amb {]Øm\¯nsâ khntijXIfpw ]Tn¨pd¸n¨v bYmÀ°  a\pjymhImi {]Øm\w cq]s¸Sm\mhiyamb Hcp klNcyw  krjvSn¡m³ bpànhmZnIÄ¡v _m[yXbpWvSv. B[p\nI cmjvSaoamwkbpsS Ncn{Xhpw khntijXIfpw kzmb¯am¡msX P\m[n]Xy kwkv¡mc¯nsâ kZv^e§fn ]eXpw \ntj[n¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ \ncoizchmZnIÄ¡pw bpànhmZnIÄ¡pw ktµlhmZnIÄ¡pw X\nabpÅ atXXchmZnIÄ¡pw imkv{Xobamtbm ^e{]Zamtbm {]hÀ¯n¡m\mInÃ.

            a\pjy Pohnsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw kÀÆ{][m\amb aqeyamWv AXnPoh\w. \ne\nÂ]n\pth­WvSnbpÅ t]mcm«¯n \n¶mWv Ah³ A\p`h§Ä kamlcn¡p¶Xv. PohnX¯nsâ A\p`h§sf hniIe\w  sNbvXp a\Ênem¡m³, AXphgn Adnhv kamlcn¡m³ bpànt_m[w a\pjys\ klmbn¡p¶p \ne\nÂ]n\pth­WvSnbpÅ t]mcm«¯nsâ IqSpX DbÀ¶ Hcp cq]w Xs¶bmWv kzmX{´y¯n\pth­WvSnbpÅ Xzc. AdnhphÀ²n¡p¶Xn\\pkcn¨v aqey§fpsS BhiyIXbpw ]ckv]c_Ôhpw aäw kw_Ôn¨ [mcWIfnepw hnImkapWvSmIpw. [mÀanI aqey§Ä¡v Hcp {]kànbpw IÂ]n¡m¯ Hcp kaqlw \ne\n¡pIbnÃ.  AXn\m hyànbpsS \ne\nÂ]n\p Xs¶ B[mcamIp¶p [mÀ½nIX. Cu AÀ°¯n PvRm\{]t_m[nXamb kzmÀ° XmÂ]cyamWv kZmNmcw F¶p ]dbmd pWvSv. [mÀ½nIt_m[t¯msS Pohn¡p¶Xv kzmX{´yt_m[¯n\p \nc¡p¶XsÃt¶m kZmNmc \nba§Ä X§fpsS kzmX{´ys¯  l\n¡p¶psht¶m bpànhmZnIÄ IcpXp¶nÃ.

            kzm`mhnIambpw DbÀ¶ kmwkv¡mcnI \nehmc¯n F¯n F¶v A`nam\n¡p¶ B[p\nI a\pjy³ a\pjymhImi§Ä kwc£n¡p¶Xn\p \nZm\ambn kzoIcnt¡­WvS {]amW§Ä Fs´Ãmw Bbncn¡Ww?

            a\pjysâ klPamb KpWamWv bpànt_m[w. F¶m Cu bpànt_m[s¯ th­WvShn[¯n {]tbmKn¡mt\m hyàn¡pw kaql¯n\pw Bhiyamb hn[¯n {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯mt\m ]eÀ¡pw Ignbp¶nÃ. C§s\ XSÊap­WvSm¡p¶Xn kp{][m\ ]¦v aX§Ä¡pw A[nImcØm]\§Ä¡papWvS ­v.

            temIalmbp²§fpsS A\p`h§fn \n¶pw ]mTw ]Tn¨ Ccp]Xmw \qäm­nse kpa\ÊpIÄ a\pjysâ A´Êpw kzmX{´yhpw kwc£n¡p¶Xn\v BtKmfmSnØm\¯n Xs¶ Iq«mb Nn´bpw {]hÀ¯\hpw BhiyamsW¶v IcpXn. Hcp a\pjymhImi {]Jym]\w ]pd¯nd¡p¶Xn\p klmbIamI¯¡hn[¯n Hcp IcSptcJ X¿mdm¡pIbpWvSmbn. a\pjymhImi§sf¡pdn¨v BtKmf [mcW hym]n¸n¡p¶Xn\p klmbIamb s]mXp\nZm\§Ä Is­WvS¯p¶Xn\v bps\kvt¡m (hnZym`ymk¯n\pw kwkvImc¯n\pambpÅ sFIycmjv{S k`bpsS kwLS\) hnhn[ Nn´IÀ¡pw Fgp¯pImÀ¡pw Hcp tNmZymhen Ab¨psImSp¯p. hyXyØamb kmwkv¡mcnI, aX, cmjv{Sob  ]mc¼cy§fn \n¶v s]mXphmb Hcp a\pjymhImi `mj cq]s¸Sp¯nsbSpt¡WvSXpWvSmbncp¶p.a\pjymhImi §fpsS Hcp ]«nI cq]s¸Sp¯m³ AhÀ¡p Ignªp.

            BapJhpw ]Xns\m¶p {]amW§fpw AS§p¶ IcSptcJbpsS ASnØm\¯n \S¶ NÀ¨IfpsS ^eambmWv C¶p \mw Adnbp¶ a\pjymhImi {]Jym]\w AwKoIcn¡s¸«Xv. AXnsâsbm¶pw {]kàn a\Ênem¡m³ X¿mdnÃm¯ Ncn{X iànIÄ \½psS kaql¯nepw {]hÀ¯\£aamWv. BtKmfmSnØm\¯n bpànhmZ kwkv¡mcw C\nbpw Gsd hym]n¡m\pw ]pjvSns¸Sm\pw DWvS ­v. AXn\m Xs¶ Hcp {]amWtcJ {]kn²oIcn¡p¶XpsIm­WvSp am{Xw a\pjymhImi§Ä kwc£n¡s¸Spw F¶p IcpXpI h¿. am{XaÃ, IcSptcJbpsS kwbpàamb {]amW§Ä AtX]Sn AwKoIcn¡m³ {]bmkapÅ cmjv{S§Ä C¶pw temIcmPy §Ä¡nSbn DWvS ­vv. CXn\À°w a\pjymhImi {]hÀ¯IÀ¡v t\cntSWvSnhcp¶Xv X§fpsS `cWIqS¯nsâ `mK¯p \n¶phcp¶ ASn¨aÀ¯epIsf am{XaÃ, BtKmfmSnØm\¯n hntZi`cWIqS§fpsS  klmbt¯msS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ On{ZiànIÄs¡Xncmbn«pIqSnbmbncn¡pw F¶XmWv. tIcf¯n kXy¯n\p thWvSn ]cn{ian¡p¶ \nÀ½ecmb hyànIÄ Cu hkvXpX Xncn¨dnªp XpS§n .

            a\pjymhImi {]hÀ¯\¯n\p \nZm\ambncnt¡WvS      ASnØm\tcJsb¶ \nebn IcSp{]Jym]\w `mjm´cw sNbvXv aebmfnIÄ¡nSbn {]Ncn¸nt¡­WvSXv A\nhmcyambncn¡p¶p. kam\ Nn´mKXn¡mÀ¡nSbn CXv hn]peambn NÀ¨IÄ¡v AhXcn¸n¡pIbpw {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿m³ FÃm aX\nct]£hmZnIfpw ]camh[n  ]cn{iant¡­WvSXpWvS ­v.

3. P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw

 bpàn-t_m-[hpw­

A_vZp aPoZv. bp.]n.

am\hnIX

        am\hnIX F¶ ]Zw hym]Iamb Zpcp]tbmK¯n\p hnt[bambncn¡p¶p. Zpcp]tbmK¯nsâ Hcp DZmlaWamWv, ka{Km[n]Xykn²m´w + a\pjykvt\l]cX = am\hnIX F¶ hn[¯nepfvf Akw_Ôw. AÚXsImWvSp am{Xaà C¯cw \h\nÀ½nXnIÄ kw`hn¡p¶Xv. D¯chmZn¯t_m[anÃm¯ kmaqly{]hÀ¯\¯n \n¶pt]mepw, Cu hn[¯nepÅ {ia§Ä ZriyamIp¶p!

        bqtdm]y³ \thm°m\ImeL«¯nsâ k¦oÀWXIÄ  a\Ênem¡m³ {ian¡m¯tXm, IgnbmsXt]mIp¶tXm Hcp ]t£ C¯cw Hcp ØnXn hntijw \ne\nÀ¯p¶pWvvSmImw. F¦nepw Cu Bibs¯ AXnsâ Ncn{X]cXbn ]cntim[n¡m³ ChnsS apXncp¶nÃ. Cu ]ZsaSp¯p s]cpamdp¶ Øm]nX iànIfpsS {]Xybimkv{X§fnse \à LSI§fn ]eXpw DÄs¡mÅp¶p F¶XpsImWvvSv, hnimeamb Hcp ]cnkcw CXnsâ {]tbmK ]Ým¯eambpWvvSv F¶v AwKoIcn¨mepw X\Xmb Hcp \nco£W Øm\s¯ Cu Bibw {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿p¶p F¶ hkvXpX Du¶n ]dtbWvvS Hcp ØnXn hntijw kwPmXambncn¡p¶p.

        am\hnIX F¶ Bibs¯ F§s\ \nÀÆNn¡mw F¶ ]cnKW\bmWv Cu eLp teJ\¯n\v t{]cW.

        Gähpw {]m[m\yw AÀln¡p¶ DWva a\pjy\mWv F¶p {]Jym]n¡p¶ XXzNn´m{]hWXbmWnXv. ssZhw, {_Òw, tIhe Bibw F¶nhbv¡p ]ca {]m[m\yw IÂ]n¡p¶ \ne]mSpIsf \ncmIcn¡p¶ Hcp kao]\w. {]]©w, NcmNc§Ä, hyànIÄ XpS§nbhbv¡mWv bYmÀ°¯n AkvXnXzapÅXv. Bib§Ä Cu {]]©¯nsâ `mKamb a\pjyhyànIfpsS a\Ên cq]oIcn¡s¸Sp¶XmWv. AXn\m a\pjys\¡mÄ {]m[m\yw Bib§Ä¡p ssIhcnIsb¶Xv tIhew Akw_ÔamWv.

        {]]©s¯ hkvXp\njvT bmYmÀ°yambn AwKoIcn¡p¶psh¦nepw  AXnsâ KXnbn  HgpInt¸mIpIam{Xw km[yamb shdpw s]m§pXSnbpsS \nÊmcXbà a\pjyhyàn. AXphsc DWvvSmbncp¶ KXn{Ia¯n kz´w CÑbv¡\pkn¨v CSs]Sm\pw B CSs]Sen\v krjvSn¡mhp¶ ]cn[nbv¡pÅn amäw hcp¯m\pw Ah\p tijnbp­v. Cu amäw F§s\bmbncn¡Ww F¶v `mh\bpsS klmbt¯msS Bkq{XWw sN¿m\pw a\pjyhyàn¡v tijnbpWvvSv. Cu hyXyØX a\pjys\ a\pjy\Ãm¯Xn \ns¶Ãmw KW\obambn thÀXncn¡p¶p.

        a\pjy³ F¶ s]mXphmb Hcp kwÚ km[yamsW¦nepw a\pjyÀ \ne\n¡p¶Xv hyànIÄ F¶ \nebv¡mWv. hyànIÄ tNÀ¶mWv kaqlapWvvSmIp¶Xv. Htcm a\pjy\pw  kz´-ambn  hyànXzw DWvvSv. Cu hkvXpX ]cn-K-Wn-¡msX hÀK-§sf¡pdn-¨pw  tZio-b-X-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw, kapZmb§sf-¡p-dn¨pw A§s\  GsXÃmw  kajvSn cq]-§Ä k¦Â¸n-¡mtam Ahsb¡pdn-s¨Ãmw  F{X  \ho\ kn²m-´-§Ä cq]o-I-cn-¨mepw PohnXw  A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶Xv hyànIfmWv.

        ssZh-§Ä¡p ]WvvSp \ÂIn-bn-cp¶ al-Xz-§-fn NneXp s]cp-¸n-¨pÅ k¦-ev]-§-fm-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡mw. F¶m a\-jy-\p -{]m-]vX-amb  al-Xz-saÃmw ssZh-§-fn \n¶pw  Xncn-s¨-Sp¯v  a\p-jy\p Xs¶ G¸n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. am\-hn-I-Xm-{]-Øm\w  sN¿p-¶-Xv.  `uXo-Im-Xo-X-sa¶v  Adn-b-s¸-Sp-Itbm Icp-X-s¸-Sp-Itbm  sN¿p¶  FÃm-än-t\-¡mfpw {]m[m\yw a\pjy\p Xs¶ F¶ {]Jym-]\w ZrV-ambn  am\-hn-I-Xm-hmZw DbÀ¯p-¶p,

        hyànsb \nÊm-c-h-XvI-cn-¡p-Ibpw  ka-jvSn-cq-]-§-sfbpw  AhymtJyb BZn-cq-]-§-sfbpw  tI{µo-I-cn-¨pÅ At\z-j-W-§-Ä¡pw  {]mapJyw  \ÂIp-Ibpw  sN¿p¶  kIe  kwc-`-§-sfbpw  am\-hn-IX \ncm-I-cn-¡p-¶p.

        a\p-jy-hy-àn¡v A´-tÊmsS Pohn-¡m-\pÅ Ah-Im-iapWvvS.v Cu Ah-Imiw  \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶n-S¯v {]Xn-I-cn-¡m-\pÅ tijnbpw  DWvvSv. F¶m ]e Imc-W-§-fm kz´w kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ km[yXbpw  A\n-hm-cy-Xbpw  Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Ign-bm-¯-Xn-\mÂ, Xncn-¨-dnhv AXnsâ ]qÀ® hfÀ¨-sb-¯nb kzmX-{´y-t_m-[-ambn ]cn-W-an-¡m-¯-Xn-\m a\p-jy-cn _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw X§-fpsS  Pohn-X-¯nsâ t{ijvTX t_m[y-s¸-«n-«n-Ãm-¯-h-cm-Wv. bpàn-t_m[w {]tbm-Kn-¡msX  Hcp hyàn¡pw  Xm³ Bcm-sW¶pw Pohn-X-¯nsâ ka-{K-X-sb-´m-sW¶pw  a\-Ên-em-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. Cu bpàn-t_m[w  {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ tijn a\p-jy-\pWvvSv F¶ hkvXpX Xs¶-bmWv aäp arK-§fn \n¶pw  ktN-X\ {]]-©-¯n \n¶p-sams¡  DbÀ¶p \n¡p¶ Hcp D×-bmbn a\p-jy-hy-ànsb am\-hn-I-Xm-hm-Zn-IÄ  DbÀ¯n-¡m-«p-¶-Xnsâ ASn-Øm-\w. kam-\- Po-hnX kml-N-cy-§-fn Htc A\p-`hw  hnhn[ hyàn-I-fn hyXy-Ø-amb Bi-b-§Ä¡pw {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä¡pw CS-\ÂIp¶p F¶p \ap-¡-dn-bmw. Nn´m-{]-{Inb Hcp Iq«w hyàn-I-fn Htc kabw F¶ hn[-¯n-e-Ã, hyàn-IÄ Hmtcm-cp-¯-cp-tSbpw a\-Ên F¶ Ah-Ø-bn-emWv \S-¡p-¶-Xv.

        tijnbpWvvSv  F¶-Xp-sImWvvSp am{Xw  FÃm hyàn-Ifpw  Cu tijn thWvvS hn[w  {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶pWvsSt¶m, {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p-WvsSt¶m AÀ°-an-Ã. Xm³ AwK-am-bn-cn-¡p¶  kaq-ls¯ amän-¯oÀ¡m³ Xsâ bpàn-t_m[w {]tbm-Kn¡mw   F¶  Adnhv \nÝ-b-ambpw  hyànsb  Icp-¯-\m-¡p-¶p. Xm³  \nÊ-lm-b-\mWv F¶  sXämb t_m[w  \o§n-¡n-«-W-sa-¦n X¶n Dd-§n-¡n-S-¡p¶  bpàn-t_m-[s¯ X«n- D-WÀ¯pI Xs¶ thWw. Xm³ `mK-am-bn-cn-¡p¶  Cu {]]-©-¯nse  Imc-W- irw-J-e-I-fn Xsâ kzmX{´yw D]-tbm-Kn¨v  Xm³ sXc-sª-Sp-¡p¶ coXn-bn CS-s]-Sm³ Ign-bp-¶p-sh¶Xp A]m-c-amb km[y-X-IÄ- DÄs¡mÅp¶ hyXn-bm-\-asÃ? `uXoI ]ZmÀ°-¯n-sâbpw  DuÀÖ-¯n-sâbpw ]cn-Wmaw  Ah-bpsS  Imc-W-L-S-I-§Ä \ÂIp¶  \nÀ®o-X-X-bn-eqsS (Determinism) eqsS a\-Ên-em-¡mw. Poh-nhÀK§-fpsS  ]cn-Wma Ncn-{X-¯n\v imkv{Xob ASn-¯d Is­-¯m³ Ign-bp-¶Xpw C§-s\-bm-Wv. Imcy-Im-cW_豈 krjvSn-¡p-¶  kw`h irwJ-e-bn a\p-jy-hwiw Hcp ]pXnb IS¶p-I-bäw \S-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. X§-fpsS  CÑm-\p-km-c-apÅ  {]hÀ¯-\-¯n-sâbpw  {]hÀ¯-\-cm-ln-Xy-¯n-sâ-bpw Hcp ]pXnb LS-Iw. CtXmsS {]]©-¯nsâ KXn-{I-a-¯n ]c-an-X-am-bn-«m-sW-¦nepw  amäw hcp¯m\pÅ  A\-´-km-[y-X-I-fmWv Df-hm-Ip-¶-Xv.

        Xsâ  km¶n-[y-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pw  Xsâ  KXn-hn-K-Xn-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw t_m[-hm-\Wv a\p-jy³. `uXnI ]cn-XØn-Xn-IÄ  ]cn-tim-[n-¡m\pw  Hmtcm bmYmÀ°y-s¯bpw  hni-I-e\w sNbvXp ]Tn-¡m\pw  Nn´-bn-eqsS  `qX-Im-e-¯n-te¡pw  At\z-jWw hym]n-¸n-¨p-sIm-WvvSv Xsâ  C{µn-b-§tfm Xm³ Xs¶tbm CÃm-Xn-cp-¶, AY-hm, DWvSm-bn-cn-¡m³ CS-bn-Ãm¯ kml-N-cy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p- -t]mepw  [mcW t\Sm³ Ign-hp-Å-h-\mWv a\p-jy³. apt¶m-«pÅ \½psS  {]bm-W-¯n a\p-jy-s\-¡p-dn¨v ]qÀÆm-[nIw hyàX \mw t\Sn-s¡m-WvvSn-cn-¡p-¶p.

Npäp-]m-Sp-Isf¡pdn¨v hyà-X-bpWvvSm-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ ^e-ambn Xm-³ F´p Xocp-am\w ssIsIm-ÅWw F¶- Im-cy-¯n  a\p-jy\p kzmX-{´yhpw  sXcªSp¸n-\pÅ  km[y-Xbpw  e`n-bv¡p¶p ssZh-§Ä¡v I¸n¨p \ÂInb ]e- ti-jnbpw  a\p-jy\p kl-P-am-bpÅXmsW¶p I sWvvS- ¯m³ Ignbpw; Nne-Xm-Is«, Xsâ  ]cnanXnIfpw  kz]v\-§fpw  X½n-epÅ  sshhn-[ys¯ adn-I-S-¡m³  `mh-\-bn hncn-bns¨Sp¯-Xp-am-Wv. a\p-jy\p kl-P-am-bpÅ  tijn-Isf  Ah\pw, kaq-l-¯n-\pw, {]Ir-Xn¡pw D]-Im-c-amIpw  hn[w hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-t¡-WvSXpw hnI-kn-¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xp-am-Wv.

Xs¶¡pdn¨p Xs¶bpw hyàn t_m[-hm-\m-Wv. Xs¶-¡p-dn¨p a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS Xs¶-¯s¶ amän¯oÀ¡m\pw  hyàn¡p Ignbpw. C§s\  hyàn-IÄ¡p X§-sf-¯s¶  amän-¯oÀ¡m³ Ignbpw  F¶-Xn-\m-emWv kmaq-ly-amb amä-§Ä km[n-¡p-¶-Xv. AXn-\m kaq-l-¯nsâ ]ptcm-KXn  Af-t¡WvvSXpw  ]cn-tim-[n-t¡WvvSXpw, Hmtcm hyàn¡pw F´p-am{Xw  t\«-§Ä DWvvSm¡n, ]ptcm-KXn Hmtcm hyàn-tbbpw F§s\ _m[n-¡p¶p F¶ \nZm-\-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww. Hmtcm hyànbpw A\p-`-hn-¡p-I-bpw, Bkz-Zn-¡p-Ibpw sNt¿WvvS kz´w Pohn-X-¯nÂ, ap¼pWvvSm-bn-cp-¶-Xn \n¶pw IqSp-X Xr]vXn-I-c-amb F´p amä-amWv DWvvSm-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶-Xmbn-cn-¡Ww ]ptcmKXn-sb-¡p-dn¨v kwkm-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ am\-hn-I-Xm-hm-Zn-bpsS am\-Z-WvUw. ØnXnhnh-c-§-fpsS ae-sh-Å-¸m-¨n-en hfÀ¨bpsS Pe-\n-c¸v DbÀ¶p-h-cp-¶-Xmbn {]N-cn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-sª-¶p-h-cmw. GXp kaq-l-¯nsâ ØnXn-hn-h-c-amtWm tiJ-cn-¨Xv AXnse hyàn-IÄ  ap§n-¯mWv izmkw ap«n-s¡mWvvSn-cns¡ A¯-c-samcp Hgp¡ns\ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡m³  \ap¡p Ign-bn-Ã.

        Xm³ DÄs¡m-Åp¶  {]]-©w A\m-Znbpw  A\-´hpw BsW¶v am\-hn-I-Xm-hmZn Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p. {]]-©-¯n eo\-amb   Hcp Xmf- {I-a- apWvvSv, sXm«p- ap¼p kw`-hn-¨p- t]mbXnsâ-sbÃmw XpSÀ¨-bm-bn-«mWv hÀ¯-am-\ -kw-`-h-§sf a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bp-I. hÀ¯-am-\ kw`h§fpsS  XpSÀ¨-bmbn am{Xta kao-]- `m-hn-bnse kw`h- hn-Im-k-§sf AÀ°-t_m-[-t¯msS a\-Ên-em-¡m-\m-Iq. Imcy-Im-c-W-_-Ô§-fpsS Cu irwJe ]nd-In-te¡p ]nd-In-te¡v At\z-jn-¨p- sN-Ãm\pw IWvsS-¯m\pw Ign-bpw. F¶m `mhn kw`-h-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v ssIh-i-apÅ hkvXp-X-IÄ am{Xw sh¨v {]h-N-\-§Ä \S-¯m³ {ian¡mw F¶-ÃmsX Ft¸mgpw  C¶tX \S¡q F¶p imTyw  ]nSn¡m³  Ign-bn-Ã. Imcy-Im-c-W-_-Ô-§-fpsS A\-´- irw-J-e-IÄ A\-´-amb coXn-I-fn IqSnt¨-cp-Ibpw thÀ]n-cn-bp-Ibpw sN¿mw. C§s\ Ahn-Nm-cn-X-ambn  h¶p `hn-¡p¶Xns\sbms¡ hn[n-sbt¶m GsX-¦nepw  Hcp {]]-©- i-àn-bpsS CÑ-sbt¶m hyh-l-cn-¡p-¶Xv ZmÀi-\n-IX Aim-kv{Xo-b-am-Ip-t¼m-gm-Wv.

        Cu {]]-©-¯n BI-am\w  Hcp Xmf-{Iaw  Is­-¯m³ Ign-ªn-sÃ-¦n imkv{Xm-t\z-jWw hgn-ap-«pw. aqe-LSI§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pw Ah-bpsS kz`m-h-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw AS-¡-apÅ hnÚm\w km[yam-Ip-¶Xv Ah-sbÃmw Nne {Ia-§Ä {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶-Xp-sIm-WvvSm-Wv. Cu kz`mhw {]]-©-¯nsâ {Ia-\n-_-²-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v \ap¡v Hcp t_m[w Xcp-¶pWvvSv. {]]-©-¯nsâ Cu Xmf-{Iaw Xs¶-bmWv asämcp hn[-¯n ]d-ªm a\p-jy a\-Ênsâ Bi-b- cq-]o-I-c-W-km-[y-X-I-fnepw {]Xn-^-en-¡p-¶-Xv. kXyw, Zb, kzmX{´yw apX-emb aqey-§Ä Poh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn ASn-Øm-\-apÅ Bi-b-§-fm-Wv, imkv{X-t_m[w km[y-am-bXpw {Ia-\n-_-²amb {]]-©-¯nsâ `mK-amWv a\p-jy³ F¶ `uXo-I- bm-YmÀ°y-¯n \n¶m-Wv.

        {]]-©hpw hyànbpw X½n Cu ho£-W-¯n sshcp-²y-¯n-tâXp am{X-amb _Ô-a-Ã. hyànbpw hyànbpw X½n kmam\ kz`m-h-§-fmWv Gsd-bp-Å-Xv. AXn-\m Bib- hn-\n-a-bhpw kl-I-c-Wm-ßI Pohn-Xhpw km[y-am-Wv. Cu {]]-©-¯nsâ \nÊm-c-amb Hcp `mK-amWv a\p-jy³ F¶Xv hkvXpX Xs¶. At¸mgpw {]]-©s¯ X¶n \n¶pw A\y-ambn ]cn-K-Wn¨v AXnsâ kz`mhw ]Tn-¡m\pw imkv{X [m-c-WIÄ cq]o-I-cn-¡m\pw a\p-jy\p Ign-bp-¶p. AXp-t]mse¯s¶ Xsâ ico-c-¯nsâ Hcp `mK-amb a\-Êns\ {]hÀ¯n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS Xs¶-¯s¶ amän \nÀ¯n Xs¶¡pdn¨p Nn´n-¡m\pw Xm³ Bcm-Wv, Xm\pw {]]-©hpw X½n F§s\ _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p, Xsâ a\Êpw Xsâ AkvXn-Xzhpw Xsâ Pohn-hÀK-¯nsâ  ]cn-Wmahpw F§s\ ]c-kv]cw _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p F¶pw aäpw  ]Tn-¡m\pw Nn´n-¡m\pw a\p-jy\p Ign-bp-¶p.

        GtXm ss]imNnI iàn-bpsS  eoe-bn \n¶pw P·w sImÅp-Ibpw i]vX-amb Hcp PohnXw HSp-¡p-Ibpw \nXy-\-c-I-¯nsâ imizX `oI-c-X-bn-te¡p hen-s¨-dn-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Zb-\o-b-X-bpsS Nn{X-a-Ã, adn¨v X¶n Dd-§n-¡n-S-¡p¶ tijn Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I-bpw, X¶nepw A\y-cnepw Cu {]]-©-¯n X-s¶bpw amäw hcp-¯m³  {]m]vX-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-¯-¡-hn[w iàn-bp-sSbpw ssNX-\y-¯n-sâbpw bmYmÀ°y-t_m-[-amWv am\-hn-I-Xm-hm-Z-¯n\p ]IÀ¶p \evIp-hm-\p-Å-Xv.

A_vZp aPoZv bp.]n.