Foundations of Fascism - Article in Malayalam

^mkn-k-¯nsâ ASn-¯d

                                                               

                                                                      F³.-Zm-tam-Z-c³

aps¼m¶pw tIÄ¡m-¯-hn[w \man¶p ^mkn-k-s¯-¸än tI«p- sImWvSncn-¡p-¶p. cWvSmw temI-bp-²-Im-e-¯p-t]mepw \ap¡p ^mknÌv htcm[w hnc-f-am-bn-cp¶p. F¶m C¶p Xe§pw hne§pw X§Ä¡n-jvS-s¸-Sm-¯-Xn-t\bpw CjvS-s¸-Sm-¯-h-tcbpw ^mkn-k-sa¶pw ^mkn-s̶pw hnfn¨v Bt£-]n-¡Â \nXy-kw-`-h-am-Wv. CXp auen-I-ambn ^mkn-ks¯ a\-Ên-em-¡n-bpÅ {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw {]hÀ¯-\-§-fp-a-söp thWw Icp-Xm³.

       kzX-{´-]qÀÆw `mc-X-¯n ^mkn-ks¯ kw_-Ôn¨p {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw ]T-\-§fpw \S-¯nb cWvSp {]apJ t\Xm-¡tf FSp-¯p-]-d-bm-\pWvSmbn-cp-¶p-Åq. H¶v Phm-lÀem s\lvdphpw atäXv am\-th-{µ-\mYv tdmb-vbpw. s\lvdp Xsâ {]kn² {KÙ-amb temI-N-cn-{Xm-h-tem-I-\-¯nepw tdmbv, Xsâ '^mkn-k-¯nsâ ZÀi-\w-þ-{]-Jym-]-\w-þ-{]-hÀ¯\w' F¶ {KÙ-¯nepw ^mkn-k-¯nsâ `oI-c-X-tbbpw {]mhÀ¯n-I-amb hÀ¤-hn-tZz-j-s¯bpw Xm¯zn-I-{]-iv\-§-tfbpw hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p. tZin-b-Xsb ]e-t¸mgpw hna-Àin¨ s\lvdp-hn\p tZio-b-X-bp-ambn {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn sXän-¸n-cn-bm³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-¶-Xn-\m tdmbv sbt¸mse Id-I-fª tZio-bX ^mkn-k-¯nsâ hnf-\n-e-am-hp-sa¶p {]Jym-]n-¡m³ Ign-ªnà F¦nepw ^mknÌv hntcm[w iàn-bmbn {]I-Sn-¸n¨ GI C´y³ tZiob t\Xm-hm-bn-cp¶p s\lvdp. At±-l-¯nsâ kao-]\w IqSp-X sshIm-cn-I-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n-epw.

       F¶m Fw.-F³.-tdm-bn-bpsS ]T\w IqSp-X Bg-ap-ÅXpw Ht«sd Xm¯zn-I- {]-iv\-§Ä DÄs¡m-Åp-¶-Xp-am-Wv. tjms¸³slÀ, \osj, tlKÂ, _ÀKvk³, Kntbm-h\n PâÂ, apkvk-en-\n, lnäveÀ XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS Xm¯zn-I-ho-£-W-§Ä ^mkn-k-¯n-\p-]-I-cn¨ IY-IÄ At±lw NqWvSn¡m-«p-¶p. lnµp anÌn-kn-khpw AXn A´À`-hn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ ^mknÌv {]h-W-Xbpw At±lw hni-Z-am-¡p-¶p. Zmcn-{Zyhpw AÚ-Xbpw ^mkn-k-¯nsâ hnf-\n-e-am-hp-sa¶pw AXn-\m `mc-X-¯nsâ a®v ^mkn-k-¯n\p hf-¡q-dp-Å-Xm-sW¶pw At±lw {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶p. aX-¯nsâ kzm[o-\hpw AÔ-amb aX-`-ànbpw ^mkn-k-¯nsâ hfÀ¨sb ]pjvSn-s¸-Sp-¯p-sa¶v At±lw kn²m-´n-¡p-¶p. A§-s\, ^mknkw \mw s]mXp-hn Icp-Xn-t¸m-¶- t]mse A[x-]-X-\-¯n-te¡p \o§p¶ ]mÝmXy apX-em-fn-¯- krjvSn am{X-a-söp hcp-¶p. AÚcpw Zcn-{Zcpw Bß-t_m[w hfÀ¨- {]m-]n-¡m-¯-h-cp-amb P\-X-bp-sS, ssZh- KXym e`n-¡p¶ Hcp t\Xm-hnsâ klmbw Imw£n-¡p-¶n-S-§-fnÂ. hfÀ¨ {]m]n-¡m³ km²y-X-bpÅ Hcp kmaq-ly-þ-cm-jv{Sob coXn-bmWv ^mkn-kw. ZmÀi-\n-I-ambn AXnsâ ASn-thcv aX-¯n-e-[n-jvTn-X-hp-am-Wv.

       kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ FÃm {]Im-c-¯n-ep-apÅ \ntj-[-amWv ^mkn-k-sa¶p ]ucm-Wn-I-Imew sXm«p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. kzmX{´yw F¶ al-¯mb Bi-b-¯nsâ aqey-kz-`mhw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw AXv FÃm a\p-jyÀ¡pw _m[-I-am-sW¶ t_m[-¯n {]hÀ¯n¨v kzmX-{´ymibw IqSp-X bmYmÀ°y-am-¡m-\pÅ bpàn-k-l-amb X¯zw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿m¯ GsXmcp {]Øm-\hpw kwL-S-\bpw ^mknÌv `oj-Wn-bnÂ\n¶p apàaÃ. kzmX-{´y-sa-¶m shdpw _mly-X-e-kv]Àin-bmb ]mÀe-saâdn kzmX-{´y-a-Ã. B´-cn-I-amb, kmwkvIm-cn-I-am-b, `b-c-ln-X-am-b, ka-Xzm-[n-jvTn-X-amb kzmX-{´y-am-Wv. a²y-Ime kwkvIm-chpw Pohn-X- co-Xn-Ifpw \ne-\nÀ¯m³ ]mSp-s]-Sp¶ FÃm {]Øm-\-§fpw ^mknÌv _oP-§Ä DÄs¡m-Åp-¶p. kzmX-{´ys¯ kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ \½psS {]hÀ¯-\-§fpw {]Jym-]-\-§fpw sshcp²yw \nd-ªXpw A[n-Im-c- i-àn¡p hnt[-b-hp-am-Wv. A[n-Im-c- i-àn-bpsS XoPzm-e-bn \á-amb ^mknÌv cq]-an-Ãm-sX- Xs¶ ]qh³ ]gw sImWvSp Igp-¯-dp-¡p¶ k{¼-Zmbw \ap-¡-]-cn-Nn-X-a-Ã.

       H¶mw temI-bp-²-s¯-¯p-SÀ¶p-f-hmb \ncm-i-Xbpw Bi-b-¡p-g-¸hpw bp²m-\-´cw sXmgn c-ln-X-cmb CS-¯cw ]«m-tfm-tZym-K-Ø-cpsS klmb kl-I-c-W-§fpw Cä-en-bnepw ]n¶oSp PÀ½-\n-bnepw kpkw-L-Sn-X-amb `c-Wm-[n-Im-c-i-àn-bm-bn, hfÀ¨-{]m-]n-¡m³ ^mkn-k-¯n\p klm-b-I-am-bn. X§-fpsS ASn-a¯w aqSn-h¨ Hcp {`m´³ ssk\y-¯n-emWv X§Ä AI-s¸-«-sX¶ kXyw, X§sf hymtam-ln-¸n¨ aX-þ-hÀ¤ Nn´m-k-{¼-Zm-b-¯n-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb {]Nm-c-Ww, ^mknÌv tNcn-bn \ne-bp-d-¸n¨ CS-¯-c-¡mÀ¡p a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-ªn-Ã. ]n´n-cn-¸³ _pÀjzm-kn-bp-tSbpw AhÀ Bbp-[-am-¡nb aX-þ-hÀ¤ hnIm-c-§-fp-tSbpw al-¯z-¯n-te¡v BIÀjn-¡m-\p-X-Inb X¯z-imkv{Xw sa\-sª-Sp-¡m\pw Cu ]p¯³ ZmÀi-\nI hàm-¡Ä apt¶m«p h¶p. A¯cw ss[j-WnI Xm¯zn-Im-Nm-cy-·m-cn bp²-\-´c L«-¯nse {]mam-Wn-I-\m-bn-X¶p Cäm-en-b³ tkmjy-enÌv ]mÀ«n-bnse {]ap-J\pw tlK-en-b³ Ub-e-än-Ivknsâ ]WvUn-X-\p-am-bn-cp¶ Kntbm-h-\n- PâÂ. At±lw apt   k-m-fn-\n-bpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cs¯ Xm§n-\nÀ¯m-hp¶ Xm¯znI kw`m-h-\-IÄ sNbvX ]WvUn-X-\m-bn-cp¶p. Xsâ tlK-en-b³ Ub-eIvSn-¡Â kzm[o\w Ccp-]-Xn-I-fnepw ap¸-Xp-I-fnepw ^mknÌv \mkn aÀ±\ kwhn-[m-\-§sf \ymbn-I-cn-¡m³ klm-b-I-am-hpw- hn[w ]mI-s¸-Sp-¯nb {KÙ-amWv, "^mkn-khpw kwkvIm-chpw'. amÀIvknsâ ""XoknÊv Hm¬ ^yqÀ_m¡v'' F¶ {KÙ-¯nsâ Cäm-en-b³ ]cn-`m-j-I\pw Ct±-l-am-bn-cp-¶p. ^mkn-k-¯nsâ X¯z-Úm\n ]d-bp-¶p. ""Bg-¯n-epÅ BWn-th-tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb B[ym-ßn-I-X-bmWv AXnsâ t{]c-I-iàn. ^mkn-k-¯n\p auen-I-X-¯z§ (Principes) sfm¶p-anÃ'' XmÀ¡n-I-amb Bi-b-§-sfm¶pw AXn\p {]Xn-_-Ô-a-Ã. B²ym-ßn-I-Xbv¡p bpànbpw XÀ¡hpw Fs´-¶-dn-ªp-IqSm. AXnsâ B²ym-ßn-I- kz-`mhw tkzÑm-]-c-amb {]hÀ¯-\-am-Wv. ""Pâ-ensâ {]Jym-]\w ^mknÌv tkzÑm-[n-]-Xy-Im-e¯v A£-cw-{]Xn AhÀ \S-¸n hcp-¯nb Ncn{Xw kphn-Zn-X-am-WtÃm.''

Nqj-W-¯nsâ hàmhv

        Pâ-ensâ asämcp {]Jym-]-\hpw ss[j-WnI PmXnta·m-hm-Zn-IÄ {i²n-t¡WvSXmWv "^mknkw FÃm-hn[ AaqÀ¯ [À½-§Ä¡pw bpàn-]-c-Xbv¡pw aXm-Xn-X-Xz-¯n\pw am{X-a-Ã, Akzm-`m-hn-I-amb en_-d-en-k-¯n\pw `uXnI kz`m-h-apÅ Ie-IÄ¡pw FXn-cmWv'. ^mkn-k-¯nsâ aX- ku-lrZw \man-hnsS ImWp-¶p. AXnsâ {]Xn-tem-aXzw bpàn-hmZw A]-I-S-am-sW¶pw en_-d-enkw {]Ir-Xym-Xo-X-am-sW¶pw ZmÀi-\nI `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw XÂkw-_-Ô-amb Nn´-Ifpw ^mkn-k-¯nsâ i{Xp]m-f-b-am-sW¶pw kn²m-´n-¡p-¶p. aX-¯nsâ Imh¡m-c\pw Nqj-W-¯nsâ hàm-hp-ambn ^mknkw {]Xr-£-s¸-«p. ]mÝm-Xy-cm-Py-§-fnÂt¸mepw iàn-{]m-]n-¡m³ Ignª ^mknkw C´y-sb-t¸mse {]mI--X-þ-a-X-þ-hÀ¤ ho£-Whpw AÚ-Xbpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw \ndª Hcp cmPy¯v cq]-`m-h-§-fn hyXym-k-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-hm-sa-¦nepw kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ i{Xp-hmbn hÀ¯n-¡m-hp-¶ kzm`m-hnI km²y-X-IÄ DÄs¡m-Åp¶p.

       _qÀjzmkn AXnsâ Bcw-`-L-«-¯n ^yqUÂ-þ-]-Ån-ta-[m-hn-Xz-¯n-s\-Xn-cmb ka-c-¯n kzbw kzoI-cn¨p hnI-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp¯ `uXnI hmZhpw en_-d Bi-b-§fpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-¨-Xnsâ DZm-l-c-W-amWv ^mkn-k-¯nsâ hfÀ¨bpw `uXn-I-hm-Z-¯nsâ \ncm-I-c-Whpw hgn ]nev¡m-e¯p km[n-s¨-Sp-¯-Xv. aXhpw AXn-t\mSp _Ô-s¸« \nKq-Vm-ß-I-Xbpw Nqj-Wm-[n-jvTn-X-amb kmaqly hyh-ØnXn \ne-\nÀ¯m-\m-h-iy-sa¶ hnizm-k-¯m-em-bn-cn¡pw Cu kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¨Xpw ]p¯³ aX-hym-Jym-\-§Ä¡v ""imkv{Xobw'' F¶ Hma-\-t¸-tcmsS anÌn-knkw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-sX¶pw ImWm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. "_pcvjm ZmÀi-\n-I-\mb tlK-ensâ ZÀi\w _pÀjzm-kn-bm¯s¶ \ncm-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p, tlKenb³ Ub-en-änIvkv AXnsâ AeIv amän-s¡m­v amÀIvkn-b³ tkmjy-en-Ìm-bn-cp¶ Kntbm-h\n PâÂ, Xsâ ^mknÌv kn²m-´-§Ä¡v A\p-cq-]-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n.

       "]p¯³ Imân-b-\nkw' `uXn-I-hm-Z-¯nsâ B]-¯nÂ\n-¶v. hnhn[ Nn´m-co-Xn-¡m-cmb Bi-b-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p X§-fpsS Dt±-iy-km-²y-X-bv¡p-]-I-cn-¡p-sÃ-¶-Xn-\m 19þmw \qäm-­nsâ Ah-km-\-t¯msS ]mÝmXy A¡m-an¡v ZmÀi-\n-I-·mÀ tlK-ensâ t{]X-¯n A`bw tXSn. AXn\p ImcWw tlK-en-b-\nkw UbeIvänIvkns\ hnI-ehpw h{I-hp-am-¡n-s¡mWvSv `uXn-Im-Xo-X-Xz-s¯bpw anÌn-kn-k-s¯bpw Ir{Xna imkv{Xo-b-X-bpsS hcp-Xn-bn-em-¡m³ D]-I-cn-¡p-sa-¶-Xp- sImWvSp Cu hnI-e-am-¡-s¸« Ub-eIv-änIvkn-sâ klm-b-¯m-emWv A[n-Imcw tkzÑm-]-c-sa¶p ZmÀi-\nI kn²m´w IWvsS¯n-b-Xv. A§s\ ^mkn-k-¯nsâ ZmÀi-\n-Im-Sn-¯d ]Sp-¯p-bÀ¯n.

       ^mkn-k-¯n\v B²ym-ßn-I-Xbpw lnµp anÌn-kn-k-hp-am-bpÅ _Ôs¯ FSp-¯p-Im-«p-¶-Xn\v tdmbv, _ÀKvks\ D²-cn-¡p¶pWvSv. ""`uXn-I-{]-]©w Hcp  hymtam-l-am-sW¶v AY-hm -am-b-bm-sW¶p hmZn¨p Xnc-kvI-cn-¡m-hp-X-sö t_m²y-¯m _ÀKvk³ AXns\ \nb-a-]-c-am-¡m³ {ian-¨p. AXm-bXv `uXn-I-{]-]-©-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«p-sImWv SpXs¶ AXnsâ `mK-am-bn-s¡mWvSv B²ym-ßn-I-aq-ey-§Ä DÄs¡mWvSp sImWvSpÅ asämcp temI-apWvsS¶p kn²m-´n-¨p. CXp {]mNo-\-`m-c-X-¯nse {_Ò-Úm-\n-I-fm A\p-h-Zn-¡-s¸-« -t]mse [À½m-[n-jvTn-X-amb ImamÀ° kwXr]vXn aX-þ-km-aq-lnI \nb-a-¯nse tam£- amÀ¤-¯n\p XS-Ê-am-hn-sö kn²m-´w-X-s¶. sshZn-I-aXw sXm«v FÃm aX-cm-jv{S-Nn-´-bnepw AXnsâ Nph-Sp- h¨v Bcw-`-¯n Cu Nn´m- coXn FXnÀ¯p-t]m¶ k¼-¶- hÀ¤-§Ä, X§Ä¡m-h-iy-sa¶p IWvSt¸mÄ Ah hoWvSpw kzmKXw sNbvXp. CXv A[n-Im-c-k-¼m-Z-\-¯n-\pÅ ka-c-¯n `qap-J¯p kzmX-{´y-X¯zw {]Jym-]n¨ _pÀjzmkn A[n-Imcw t\Sn-b-tijw Cu kzX-{´m-ibw ]cn-Xy-Pn¨v `uXn-Im-Xo-X -i-àn-bn-te¡pw B²ym-ßn-I-X-bn-te¡pw kaq-ls¯ \bn-¡m³ XpS-§n. Cu ZmÀi-\n-Im-`m-k-¯nsâ k½-Xn-tbm-sS-bmWv ^mkn-k-¯nsâ kmaq-lnI cmjv{Sob X{´-§Ä sa\-sª-Sp-¯-Xv. CXymZn Imc-W-§Ä ^mkn-k-¯nsâ aX- _Ôw \ap¡p Zriy-am-¡p-¶p.''

       slK hn]p-eo-I-cn¨ Ncn-{X-¯nepw ZÀi-\-¯nepw {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡nb "Ub-eIv-änIvkn' \v \qämWvSpIÄ ]g-¡-apWvsS¶v tdmbvbpsS ] T\¯n ImWp-¶p. ]ucm-WnI {Kokn lncm-Ivfn-tämkv Cu Bibw {]I-Sn-¸n-¨n-«pWvSt{X. sshcp-²y-§-fmWv ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS kp{]-[m\ iàn-sb¶v At±lw {]Jym-]n-¨n-cp-¶p. `mc-Xob ZÀi-\-§-fn lo\-bm\ hn`m-Khpw ssP\cpw "Ub-en-änIvkv' ]ptcm-K-Xn¡p Imc-W-ambn IWvSncp-¶p-h-s{X. tlK-ensâ A`n-{]mbw {i²n-t¡WvSXm-Wv. t\cn-«pÅ Adn-hnsâ \ne-hm-c-¯n F§s\ hnizmkw kXy-ambn Iem-in-¡p-¶p-sh¶p tlK NpWvSn¡m-«p-¶p. {]mIrX a\p-jy³ bpàn-bpsS t{]c-W-sImWvSà IÃn-s\bpw arK-s¯bpw sshZy-s\bpw ]qPm-cn-sbbpw Bcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xv. AhÀ Ah-cpsS Bcm-[-\m- h-kvXpsh shdp-sX-b§p hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. hnip²X Hcp hkvXp-\n-jvT-kw-K-Xn-b-Ã. AXp bYmÀ°-¯n Bcm-[-\-bpsS Dt±-iy-ambn \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶n-Ã. AXp hnizm-k-¯nsâ ]cn-W-X -^-e-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-bpsS AÔ-hn-izm-k-^-e-am-Wv. {]mIrX P\X ]cn-jvIr-X-`m-h-¯n bmYmÀ°y-a-Ãm¯ ssZhXzw Npa-¯n-s¡mWvSv Xn·bpw A[mÀ½n-I-Xbpw \ymbo-I-cn-¡m³ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. Cu Bßn-b-hm-Zs¯ Hcp hj-f³ `uXn-I-Xz-¯n s]mXn-ªp-h-bv¡p-¶p. tlK-ensâ ]qÀ® Bi-b-hmZw thZm-´ -ZÀi-\-¯n \n¶p thÀXn-cn-¡m-h-X-söv tdmbv NqWvSn¡m-«p-¶p.

       ^mknÌv ssk²m-´n-I-\mb Kntbm-h\n Pâ ^mkn-k-¯nsâ sshcp-²ym-[n-jvTn-X-amb k{¼-Zmbw hrà-am-¡p-¶p. ""ssZhhpw Nn´bpw Pohn-X-¯nsâ hncp-² -cw-K-§sf {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p-¶p. hncp-²-sa-¦nepw cWvSpw AXym-h-iy-amWv'' bpàn-Nn-´bv¡v \nc-¡m¯ C¯cw Pev]-\-§Ä ^mknÌv ssk²m-´n-IÀ ]d-ªp-Im-Wp-¶p. Hcp hkvXp-sh-¸än Nn´n-¡m³ \ap-¡-Xns\ Adn-b-Ww. ]t£ [ym\-¯n\v Adnhp thWvS,hnizmkw aXn. AXm-bXv ap³ \nÝ-bn-¡-s¸« hkvXp-hn Xq§n-\n-ev¡pI, AsÃ-¦n Cuiz-c- k-¦-ev]-sa¶ ap³hn-[nsb BtÇ-jn-¡p-I. Pâ ]d-bp-¶p. ^mknÌv cmjv{Sw aX-a-S-¡-apÅ FÃm B²ym-ßn-I-aq-ey-§-tfbpw DÄs¡m-Åp-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. atä-sX-¦nepw kÀÆm-[n-Im-c- i-ànsb A\p-h-Zn-¡p¶ cmjv{Sw Bß-lXy sN¿p-I-bm-Wv. cmjv{So-bm-[n-Im-c-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-bnÂs¸-Sp¶ FÃm B²ym-ßn-I-Xbpw kzX-{´-am-Wv. cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imcw Xs¶ B²ym-ßn-I-am-Wv.

       ^mkn-k-¯nsâ aXm-Sn-¯d Xpd-¶p-Im-«m³ GXm\pw ^mkn-Ìm-Nm-cy-·m-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-§ÄIqSn tNÀ¡p-¶Xv A[n-I-am-hn-Ã. Cäm-en-b³ ^mknÌv ^ntem-k-^-dmb Pâ ]dªp: ""a\p-jy-Po-hn-IÄ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Nn´ Cuiz-c- [ym-\-am-Wv. HcmÄ F{X-t¯mfw Nn´n-¡p-¶p-thm, A{X-t¯mfw AbmÄ¡v Cuiz-c -km-¶n²yw A\p-`-h-s¸-Spw. a\p-jy³ H¶p-aÃ; Cuiz-c³ FÃm-am-Wv.''

       cmPm-hnsâ ssZhn-Im-[n-Im-chpw ^mkn-k-¯nsâ ss]Xr-I-am-Wv. C¶p cmPmhv Gsd-¡psd Hcp IS-¦-Y-bm-Wv. F¶m cmjv{S-¯nsâ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-¯n\p ssZhm-\p-{K-l-apWvsS¶ kn²m´w C¶pw AwKo-I-cn¨p t]mcp-¶p. cmPmhv A]-Y-k-©mcw sN¿n-sö {]mNo-\- hn-izmkw `c-W-IqSw sXäp -sN-¿n-sö hnizm-ks¯ ZrV-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. B[p-\n-I-amWv ^mkn-k-sa-¦nepw BI-kvan-I-am-bn, {]]-©-iàn Cuiz-c- i-àn-bm-sW¶ KoXm-h-N-\hpw `c-W-IqSw sXäp- sN-¿n-sö ^mknÌv hN-\hpw GI-`m-h-¯n F¯n-t¨-cp-¶p. tlK-en-b³ Ub-en-änIvkv XmXv]-cym-\p-km-tcW I½yq-Wn-k-¯n\pw ^mkn-k-¯n\pw hymJym-\n¨v D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-sa¶v Pâ-ensâ hmZ-K-Xn-bn-eqsS \ap¡p Zriy-am-Wv. B[p-\nI \nKq-Vm-ß-hm-Zn-I-fpsS imkv{Xob Pohn-X-hn-aÀi-\hpw ^mkn-Ìp-I-fpsS `c-W-Iq-S-¯nsâ kÀÆm-[n-Im-c- kz-`m-h-¯n\p ssZhn-Imw-Ko-Im-c-apWv sS¶ hmZhpw Htc IÀ½-`q-an-bn sN¶p-tN-cp-¶p. PÀ½³ ZmÀi-\n-I-\m-bn-cp¶ tjm¸³sl-dnsâ C´y³ ZÀi-\-kzm-[o\w ^mkn-k-¯nsâ ]nXm-hmb \ntj-bn-eqsS ImWm-sa¶v tdmbv Xsâ {KÙ-¯n {]kvXm-hn-¡p-¶pWvSv. ^mkn-k-¯n\v ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn B²ym-ßn-I-X-bpsS ssk²m-´nI ]Ým-¯-e-apWvsS¶pw, {]hr-¯n-bmWv AXnsâ kn²m-´-sa¶pw AXv AS-¨p-aq-S-s¸« Bi-b- co-Xn-b-söpw ]d-bp-¶p. AXn-s\mcp ]p¯³ hnNm-c- co-Xnbpw Pohn-X- amÀ¤-hp-apWvSv. aX-hn-t[-b-Xz-amWv AXnsâ khn-ti-j-X. aX hmZnI-fmb ^mknÌv hntcm-[n-IÄ Cu hkvXpX a\-Ên-em-¡m-Xn-cn-¡ptam?

       Cäm-en-b³ ^mknÌv tÌänsâ kÀÆm-[n-]-Xnbpw Kntbm-h\n Pâ-ensâ kJm-hp-am-bn-cp¶ samkvk-en\n (Mussolini) {]Jym-]n-¨p. ""FÃmw tÌän-\p -thWvSnbmWv (cm-jv{Sw) bmsXm¶pw AXnsâ ]pd-¯Ã; H¶pw AXn-s\-Xn-cp-am-bn-¡qSm'' ImcWw `c-W-IqSw cmjv{S-k-am-\-am-Wv. AXn-\m cmjv{S-m`n-em-j-amWv P\m-`n-em-jw. `c-W-Iq-S-¯n\p am{Xta P\m-`n-emjw {]ZÀin-¸n-¡m-\m-hq. `qssZ-h-amb cmjv{S-¯n\p ap¶n P\w ap«p-a-S-¡Ww. cmjv{Sm-`n-em-j -kn-²m-´hpw ap{Zm-hm-Iyhpw C¶v FÃm-h-cmepw AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«pWvStÃm! `mc-¯nsâ `uXn-I-þ-B-²ym-ßn-I-Xbpw ""cmjv{Sm-`n-emjw'' kÀÆ-i-à-am-sW¶pw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶pWv StÃm.

       Pâ Hcp ]p¯³ tlK-en-b-\m-bn-cp-¶-Xn-\m Xsâ Bh-iy-§Ä¡-\p-k-cn¨v Ub-eIv-änIvkv D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn hZ-Kv²-\m-bn-cp-¶p. Cuiz-c\pw Nn´bpw Pohn-X-¯n hncp-²- tN-cnsb {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p-¶p: Ch cWvSpw Hgn-¨p- Iq-Sm³ h¿m¯ Bh-iy-am-Wv. At\ym-\y-hn-cp-²hpw FXnÀ¡-s¸-Sp-¶-sX-¦nepw Bß-km-£m-XvIm-c-¯nsâ KXn-bn ChÀ¡v (ssZ-h-¯n\pw a\p-jy-\pw) Hcp ^vfIvkn-_nÄ bq\n-än-bpWvSt{X! Cu kao-]-\-¯n\v lnµp anÌnknk-hp-ambpw _Ô-apWv sS¶p ]d-bmw. am\-kn-I-amb A\n-Ýn-X-Xzhpw anÌn-kn-k-¯n DÄs¸-Sp-¶p. AXv Ccp-«n A`bw tXSn imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-¡-s¸-«-hsb XÅn-¡-f-bp¶p Pâ cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvX ^mknÌv ZÀi\w C´y³ anÌ-kn-k-¯nsâ "B²ym-ßnI \nKq-V-hmZw' amXr-I-bmbpw IW-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.

       PâÂ, apÉn-en-\n, s_\n-Uvtäm-t{Kkv XpS-§n-b-hÀ Cäm-en-b³ tkmjy-enÌv {]Øm-\-¯nse apJy-cm-bn-cp-¶p. Ch-cn BZys¯ cWv Spt]cpw cWvSmw temI-bp-²m-h-km-\-¯n "]mÀ«n-km³' {]Øm-\-¡m-cm h[n-¡-s¸-«p. aptÊm-fn\n BZy-Im-e¯v km{am-Py-Xz-hn-tcm-[nbpw hÀ¤-k-a-c-¯nsâ hàm-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m H¶mw temI-bp-²-¯nsâ Ah-km-\-t¯msS C¸-d-ª-hÀ ^mknÌv kwLw cq]o-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw a²y-þ-h-S-¡³ Cä-en-bnse tkmjy-kn-eväp-IÄ¡pw IÀjI kwL-S-\-IÄ¡pw FXn-cmbn `q{]-`p-¡-·m-cpsS klm-b-t¯msS B{I-aWw \S-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hyh-kmb {]ap-J-cpsS kl-I-c-Whpw Cu {]Øm-\-¯n\p e`n-¨p. kw`m-h-\-IÄ Hgp-In-sb¯n. bp²m-\-´cw ]ncn-¨p-hn« CS-¯cw ]«mf DtZym-K-Ø-·m-cpsS kl-I-c-Whpw e`y-am-bn-cp-¶p. bp²-Im-cy-a-{´n-bmbn {]hÀ¯n-¨n-cp¶ Cäm-en-b³ t\Xm-hmb t{Kmfn-än-kv ^mkn-Ìp-Isf \ncp-]m-[nIw klm-bn-¨p. A§s\ 1921 Bb-t¸m-tg¡pw ^mkn-Ìp-IÄ ]mÀe-saâdn coXn-bn-eq-sS-¯s¶ A[n-Imcw Ic-Ø-am-¡m³ XpS-§p-Ibpw _qÀjzm s]än _qÀjzm kl-I-cWw t\Sp-I-bpapWvSmbn. h¯n-¡msâ kl-I-c-Whpw AhÀ¡p e`n-¨p. I½yq-Wn-Ìv-þ-tkm-jy-enÌv {]Øm-\-§Äs¡-Xntc Bª-Sn-¡m³ XpS-§n. Ahsc \nÈ-_vZ-cm-¡n. {]ap-J-cmb t{_mUn-K, tXmKvfn-bm-än, {Kmwkn-sS-dm-kn-\n, Ctá-tjym kntemWn F¶n-hsc XS-hn-em-¡n-s¡mWvSv ^mknkw kwL-Sn-X-ambn Cä-en-bn DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

       \mj-\ tkmjy-enkw AYhm "\mknkw' ^mkn-k-¯nsâ PÀ½³ cq-]-amWv. tdmk³_ÀKv F¶ PÀ½-³-þ-\mkn hàm-hnsâ A`n-{]m-b-¯n bqtdm-¸nsâ A[x-]-X-\-¯nsâ Bcw`w 400 hÀj-§-fmbn ""PÀ½-\nIv kXyw'' P\-§Ä hnkva-cn-¨-Xm-sW-¶mWv. AXm-bXv bqtdm-]y³ \thm-°m\ Imew-sXm«v AXn\p tijw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS t]cn bqtdm-¸n kw`-hn-¨-sXÃmw ]nt¶m-¡w-t]m¡pw A[x-]-X-\-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. At±lw XpS-cp¶p: ]mÀe-saâdn Utam-{I-kn-bpsS XpS-¡w. Poh-Im-cp-Wy-¯nsâ hnP-bw, kmÀÆ-tZ-iob tImkvtam-t]m-fn-ä³ kv]ncn-änsâ hnj-P-Sn-e-amb kzm[o\w, en_-d-en-k-¯nsâ hym]-\w, kam-[m-\-hm-Z-hpw, kv{Xokzm-X-{´y-hm-Z-hpw. bqtdm-]y³ ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bpsS Imc-W-ambn ImWp-¶p. lnäve-dn-k-¯nsâ {]hm-N-I³ ]d-bp¶p: FÃm \ne-\n-ev]pÅ aX-§fpw tZio-b-X-bm Dt¯-Pn-X-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww. ""Cuiz-c-Nn-´-I-fmWv cmjv{S-§Ä.'' PÀ½³cm-jv{S-sa¶ Bibw Cuiz-csâ kap-¶-Xm-i-b-amWv: PÀ½³ P\X AXn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«-h-cpw. Cu ]mh-\-amb IÀ½w \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ anj-\-dn-bmWv PÀ½³ tZiob NÀ¨v. AXp-sImWvSv "PÀ½³ NÀ¨v' FÃm {]P-I-tfbpw kwL-Sn-¸n-¨v, GIo-I-cn¨v B ssZ-ho-I- k-tµiw {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡-Ww. \otj-bpsS injy-\m-bn-cp¶ tdmkw-_ÀKv, {InkvXy³ ]Ån-bpsS hymP-amb [mÀ½n-I-Xsb kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ Kncn-{]-`m-j-W-§Ä ]qÀ®-ambpw \ncm-I-cn-¡p-¶p. \·-þ-Xn-·-IÄ¡-Xo-X-am-hm³ At±lw PÀ½³ P\-Xsb Blzm\w sNbvXp. F¶m Cu Ah-Øm-hn-tijw FÃm Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw kn²n-¡-bn-söpw AsXmcp a\p-jym-Xo-X-Xz-¯nsâ km²y-X-bm-sW¶pw "kzkvXnI' XbpsS sImSn-¡o-gn temIw ]nSn-¨-S-¡m-\pÅ {]Xn-Ú-bm-sW¶pw kn²m-´n-¡p-¶p. Cu ]p¯³ ^mknÌv aXs¯ ""PÀ½³ {InkvXym-\nän'' sb¶p hnfn-¡p-¶p. lnäve-ssdäv ^mknkw ta {]kvXm-hn¨ X¯z-kw-ln-X-bpsS XW-en Xg-¨p-h-f-cp-I-bpWvSmbn. am{X-a-Ã, {InkvXy³ [À½hpw kl-Po-hn-kvtµ-lhpw ]uckvXy hnj-b-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. AXv D·q-e\w sNbvtX aXn-bm-hq.

       \mkn-k-¯nsâ HutZym-KnI hàm-hm-bn-cp¶p slwkv Fth-gvkv. At±-l-¯nsâ A`n-{]m-bhpw Nn´mÀl-am-Wv. "kzkvXnI' bpsS X¯z-imkv{Xw KÀÆn-jvT-amb bpàn-Nn-´-bn \n¶p aX-t{]-c-W-Isf kwc-£n-¡p-I-bmWv. Hcp \nKq-V-iàn a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xs¯ `cn-¡p-¶pWvsS¶v bmYmÀ°y-t_m[w apX-em-fn¯ _en-h-kvXp-¡-fpsS ZpxJ-¯n-sâbpw bmX-\-I-fp-tSbpw ]mh-\Xzw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ klm-bn-¡pw...... \nKq-Vm-ß-I-Xbpw B²ym-ßn-I-Xbpw \ncm-icpw ]«n-Wn-¡m-cp-amb Bßm-¡Ä¡p `£-W-am-Wv.

       Pohn-X-¯nsâ FÃm Xpd-I-fnepw Cuiz-csâ ssII-S-¯-epWvsS¶ hnizm-khpw FÃm kw`-h-§-fpsS ]n¶nepw ssZh-i-àn-bpsS clky {]hÀ¯-\-apWvsS¶Xpw FÃm aX-hn-izm-k-¯n-sâbpw ASn-Øm-\-am-W-tÃm. `mc-X-¯nsâ B²ymß ZÀi\w CXnsâ ap³]-´n-bn¯s¶ \nev¡p-¶p. aXhpw `uXn-Im-XoX hnizm-khpw \ne-hn-epÅ kmaqly kwhn-[m-\s¯ \ne\nÀ¯m-\p-]-I-cn-¡p-¶p. {]Xn-tem-aXzs¯ \ne-\nÀ¯n ]ptcm-K-Xnsb CXp XS-Ê-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. \mj-\ tkmjy-enkw Im¸n-ä-en-k-s¯bpw ]mÀe-saâdn Utam-{I-kn-tbbpw \nin-X-ambn hnaÀin-¨p-sImWvSv ]mÀe-saâdn Utam-{I-kn-bn-eqsS A[n-Imcw Ic-Ø-am¡n ]mÀe-saâ-dn Utam{Iknsb XIÀ¯v, AXn-am-\p-jsâ {Iqc-amb kÀÆm-[n-]Xyw Øm]n¨v apX-em-fn-¯s¯ \ne-\nÀ¯m³ {ian-¨p. ImcWw Aev]-kzev]w kzmX-{´yhpw en_-d aqey-§fpw ^mknÌv kÀÆm-[n-]-Xy-¯n\p s]mdp-¡m³ Ign-ªn-Ã. X§-fm Øm]n-¡-s¸« en_-d aqey-§Ä X§-fm¯s¶ \in-¸nt¨ \ne-\nev]v km²y-amhq F¶pw ]mÀe-saâdn Utam-{I-kn-bnse \ma- am-{X-amb kwL-S-\m- kzm-X-{´yw, A`n-{]m-b- kzm-X-{´yw, Iq«mbn hne-t]-im-\pÅ kzmX{´yw F¶nh \ntj-[n-¡msX X§Ä¡p c£-bn-sö ØnXn-hn-ti-j-¯n kz´w XmXv]-cy-§Ä kwc-£n-¡m-\p-X-Inb kÀÆm-[n-]Xyw A`n-Im-ay-sa¶v AhÀ IWvsS¯n. Iem-]-c-amb hmN-I-¡-kÀ¯v, efn-X-amb sshIm-cn-I-Xsb X«n-bp-bÀ¯Â, Aan-X-amb hmKvZm-\-§Ä, FXn-cm-fn-IÄs¡-Xn-cmb \nµm-i-Im-c-§Ä, tZiob al¯zw ASn-t¨-ev]n-¡Â F¶o \nµy-hpw, \oNhpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-hp-amb amÀ¤-§-fn-eqsS \ncm-icpw ]oUn-X-cp-amb CS-¯-c-¡m-scbpw AhÀ kzm[o-\n-¨p. Npcp-¡-¯n P\-§sf P\m-b¯ hntcm-[n-I-fm-¡m³ AhÀ¡p Ign-ªp. kmbp-[- I-em-]-an-ÃmsX \mS-Io-b-ambn Cä-en-bnepw cà-c-ln-X-ambn PÀ½-\n-bnepw kÀÆm-[n-]Xyw Øm]n-¨p-sImWvSv A[n-Imcw Ic-Ø-am-¡nb AhÀ XpSÀ¶p Im«n-¡q-«nb ]cm-{I-a-§fpw cà-¸p-g-Ifpw Ncn{Xw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«pWvStÃm?

       F´mWq \mknkw? \mj-W tkmjy-en-k-¯nse "\m' bpw tkmjy-en-k-¯nse "kn' bpw tNÀ¯ hm¡mWv "\mkn'. tkmjy-en-k-hp-ambn bmsXmcp _Ôhpw ]peÀ¯m-¯-h-cmWv \mkn-IÄ. IjvS-¸m-S-\p-`-hn-¡p¶ CS-¯-c-¡m-scbpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-sf-bpw, h©n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb hm¡mWv "\mknkw'. lnäveÀ tkmjy-en-k-¯nsâ BXy-´nI i{Xp-hm-bn-cp-¶p. AXnsâ kmaqly cmjv{Sob \nÀh-N-\-§-fmb a\p-jy-k-aXzw Hcn-¡epw AwKo-I-cn-¨n-«n-Ã. s\lvdp-hnsâ hm¡p-I-fnÂ, `mc-Xo-bÀ¡p Nnc-]p-cm-X\ ]cn-N-b-apÅ ""kzkvXnI'' bmbn-cp¶p AXnsâ NnÓw. ip`w, awKfw Fs¶ms¡ AÀ°w tZymXn-¸n-¡p¶ kwkvIr-X-hm-¡mWv kzkvXnIw. \mknkw bYmÀ° Bcy hÀ¤- t{]-a am-W-tÃm. PÀ½-\n-bp-tSbpw PÀ½³Im-cp-tSbpw hntizm-¯c al-¯z-am-WtÃm AhÀ¡p Øm]n-¨p-In-t«WvSXv. Bcy-kw-kvIm-cs¯ \in-¸n¨ ]m] -`m-c-am-WtÃm PqX-·m-cn h¨p-sI«n cq£hpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-hp-amb aÀ±\w Agn-¨p-hn-«Xpw hni-{]-kn² imkv{X-Ú-\mb sF³kvssä-\p-t]mepw PÀ½-\n-bn \n¶v HmSn-t¸m-tIWvSn h¶Xpw Cä-en-bnse ""_vfm¡v jÀ«v'' [mcn-Isf Ih-¨p- h-bv¡p¶ aÀ±-\-ap-d-I-fmbncp¶p PÀ½-\n-bnse ""{_u¬ jÀ«v'' [mcn-IÄ \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶-Xv.

       \mkn X¯zw GsXm-cmfpw Dcp-hn«p ]Tn-¡m-Xn-cp-¶p- Iq-Sm. AsÃ-¦n aÀ±-\tam acWw hcn-¡tem thWvSnh-¶n-cp-¶p. hnZym-`ym-khpw Ie-bpw, imkv{Xhpw \mkn-k-¯n\p hnt[-b-am-¡n. ""bYmÀ° PÀ½³ Ah-cpsS càw sImWvSmWp Nn´n-¡p-¶Xv'' F¶-Xt{X tKmh-dn-Knsâ kn²m´w. Ct±lw lnäve-dpsS {][m-\n-I-fn {]ap-J-\m-bn-cp-¶p. ip²-amb bpàn-bp-sSbpw \njv]-£- im-kv{X-¯n-sâbpw Imew Ign-ªp-þ-{In-kvXp-hn-s\-¡mÄ D¶-X-\mb asämcp {InkvXp-hmWv lnäveÀ F¶p hnZymÀ°n-Isf ]Tn-¸n¨p. hn]p-e-amb hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\p {]tXy-In¨pw kv{Xohn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n\p \mkn-IÄ FXn-cm-bn-cp-¶p. cmjv{S-¯n-\p-thWvSn Btbm-[\w \S-¯m³ {]m]vX-cmb a¡sf t]män- h-fÀ¯n ASp-¡-f-bnepw ho«nepw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-I-bmWv Ah-cpsS tPmen. tKm_Âknsâ A`n-{]m-b-am-Wn-Xv. IpSpw-_-amWv kv{XobpsS bYmÀ° Øm\w. Ah-cpsS icn-bmb IÀ¯hyw cmjv{S-¯n-\m-h-iy-apÅ k´-Xn-Isf \evI-em-Wv. kv{Xokzm-X{´yw cmjv{S-¯n\v A]-I-S-am-Wv. ]pcp-j-·m-cn ØnXn-sN-¿p¶ Imcy-§Ä ]pcp-j-·mÀ¡p hnt«-¡-Ww.

       P\-h-©-\-bv¡p-X-Ip¶ hn[w apX-em-fn-¯s¯ cWvSmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw "NqjW hÀ¤-ap-X-em-fn-¯hpw' krjvSy-·pJ apX-em-fn-¯hpw' DWvsS¶p ]d-ªp-sImWvSv Akw-_Ô {]Jy-m]-\-§Ä \S-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶m ""{I¸v'' s\t¸m-epÅ Bbp-[-\nÀ½m-Xm-¡fpw ss\Ê-s\-t¸m-epÅ Ccp-¼p-cp¡p \nÀ½m-Xm-¡fpw thmÄK-dp-tS-Xp-t]m-epÅ I¡cn J\n-bp-S-a-Ifpw \mj-\ tkmjy-en-k-¯n XSn-¨p-sIm-gp¯p. {I¸v thm¬t_m-f³ A²y-£y-\m-bn, hyh-kmb {]ap-J-cp-tS-Xmb Hcp tZiob km¼-¯nI kanXn cq]n-I-cn¨p {]hÀ¯n-¨p. Ah-cm-bn-cp¶p \mkn cmjv{S-¯nse kap-¶-X-·mÀ!

       lnäveÀ, Xsâ tkzÑm-[n-]-Xy-iàn PÀ½³ P\-X-bpsS hntam-N-I-t\m c£n-Xmthm am{X-am-bn-«-Ã, \qämWvSpI-fmbn aÀ±\hpw Nqj-Whpw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-¶p-ht{X! AXp-sImWvSmbn-cp¶p AXnsâ B{I-aWw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-IÄ¡pw tkmjy Utam-t{I-äp-IÄ¡pw \nb-a-hn-t[-b-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¨n-cp¶ t{SUv bqWn-b³ {]Øm-\-s¯-t¸mepw Hgn-hm-¡m-Xn-cp-¶Xv! Ah-cpsS t\Xm-¡sf XS-hn-em-¡p-Ibpw aÀ±n-¡p-Ibpw ]e-scbpw ac-W-¯n-\n-c-bm-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp F¶nt«m? \mj-W tkmjy-enÌv Kh¬saânsâ aq¶p- am-ks¯ `cWw sXfn-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. ""sXmgn-em-fn-Itf lnäveÀ \n§Ä¡p-thWvSn hn{i-a-c-ln-X-\mbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv \n§Ä¡m-h-iy-amb kzmX-{´yhpw `£-Whpw tPmenbpw \evIm-\m-bn«v'' lnäveÀ `c-W-¯nsâ \á-cq]w ImWp-I.

       apkvk-en-\nbpw lnävedpw ^mkn-Ìv-þ-\mkn `cWw Øm]n-¡m³ ssk\n-I -hn-]vf-htam cmjv{Sob Iem-]tam DWvSm¡n-bn-söp ta\n ]d-bp-¶pWvSmbn-cp¶p. ImcWw ^mkn-Ìv-þ-\m-kn-IÄ¡v Ah-cm \in-¸n-¡-s¸« `c-W-Iq-S-¯nsâ bmsXm-cp -hn[ FXnÀ¸pw t\cn-tSWvSn h¶n-Ã. AXp- sImWvSv A[n-Imcw ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯n-b- tijw i{Xp-¡-sf¶p Icp-X-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀs¡-Xn-cmbn {Iqc-amb aÀ±-\-ap-d-IÄ \S-¯n. \ncm-bp-[-cmb P\-§sf FXn-cn-Sm³ hym]-I-ambn Bbp[w D]-tbm-Kn-t¡WvSn hcm-¯-Xn-\m cà-c-ln-X-amb hn¹hw hnP-bn-¨p-sh¶v Ah-Im-i-s¸-«p. ]t£, cà-s¨m-cn-¨n-en-s\-¡mÄ `bm-\-I-am-bn-cp¶p P\-§-fn ASn-t¨-ev]n-¡-s¸« {Iqc-amb bmX\IÄ. PqX-·m-tcm-SpÅ Bcy³ ]I Ah-cpsS tZio-b-Km-\-¯n apg-§n-¡m-Wmw. ""tÌmw _äm-en-b-\p -thWvSn \ne-sIm-Åp-I. hÀ¤-bp-²-¯n\p X¿m-dm-hp-I. PqX-·mÀ cà-¯n Ipfn¨p InS-¡p-t¼mtg \mw bYmÀ°-ambpw kzX-{´-cm-hq.''

       {Iqc-X-bn PÀ½³ \mkn-Isf Ih-¨p-h-bv¡p¶ asäm¶pw temI-a-\-Êm-£nsb apdn-thev]n¨n-«n-Ã. _mly-tem-I-¯n\p a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ AXn-c-l-ky-ambn \nÀ½n¨ ""aut¯m-k³ XS-hd'' Ip{]-kn-²-am-W-tÃm. AhnsS hnjw Ip¯n-h¨pw hnj-hmbp izkn-¸n¨pw ""sskIvtfm¬ _n'' F¶ hnj-hm-XIw AS-¨n« XS-hp-ap-dn-bn hym]n¸n¨pw Iq«-s¡me \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn lnäve-dpsS ]cm-P-b-ti-j-amWv temIw Adn-ª-Xv. Cu Iym¼v 1938þ Bcw-`n-¨n-cp-¶-Xmbn Adn-bp-¶p. Ahn-sS- h¨v H¶-c-e£w t]À h[n-¡-s¸-«-Xmbpw cWvSpe-£-¯n-e-[nIw Bfp-IÄ aÀ±-\-hn-t[-b-cm-b-Xmbpw {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s¸« IW-¡p-I-fn ]d-bp-¶p. ]«n-Wn-sImWvSp Poh-Ñ-h-§-fmb e£-¡-W-¡n\p XS-hp-Imsc 1945 a²y-¯n Ata-cn-¡-bpsS Hcp an¶-em-{I-a-W-¯n tamNn-¸n-¨p. cWvSmw temI-a-lm-bp²w ^mkn-ks¯ ]«m-f-]-c-ambn ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-¦nepw ^mknkw ]e cq]-`m-h-§-fn temI -`o-j-Wn-bmbn C¶pw \ne-\n¡p-¶p. kzmX-{´y-¯n-sâbpw kam-[m-\-¯n-sâbpw imkv{X-¯n-sâbpw aäp a\p-jy-\-·-bp-sSbpw i{Xp-hmb ^mkn-ks¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m-\pÅ {iaw a\p-jysâ kzmX-{´y -k-a-c-¯nsâ Hcp Ahn-`m-Py- L-S-I-ambn ImW-Ww.

Ipdn¸v : Fascism (M.N.Roy), Glimpses of world History (Nehru), Prison Notes (Gramscie) F¶o {KÙ-§Ä Cu teJ-\-¯n-\p-]-I-cn-¨n-«pWvSv.

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